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Arcturus Software

About Me
Choose the type of images you wish to view:

Galaxies

Nebulas

Solar System

Clusters

For those wondering how the photos are taken, read below.  This is meant to be a somewhat simple explaination for those not into this hobby.

Each photo is comprised of several exposures that get added together on the computer.  I'll go over some of the things I have to do to take the picture, and some of the things needed to process it.  These steps are a very simplified version of what is needed.  To start, I turn on the computer, the mount, CCD camera and everything.  Then on the computer I start up about half a dozen programs, which all talk to each other, that run the telescope, focuser, color wheel, and camera.  I turn on the cooler on the camera, which will cool the CCD down about 35C lower then the ambient temperature so the images have less noise in them.  To take the picture, I slew to the object I wish to photograph, do a focusing run with the FocusMax software, start up the autoguider after finding a guide star on the autoguider CCD (a 2nd CCD in the camera), then try to figure out what exposure time I can use, so the camera doesn't bloom (over-expose) on any bright stars in the picture.  The definition of bright stars would be stars you can't even see with your eye, but are still fairly bright for the CCD.  It can take 30 to 60 minutes to get to the point where I am ready to start actually taking pictures.  Then I take as many exposures as I can of that length of time (usually 5 or 6 minute subexposures).  I try to get at least four hours of exposure time in, and more is always better, so I usually take subexposures for two or three nights.  After that, I need to take dark exposures - these are exposures with the shutter closed, at the same camera temperature and length of time the light exposures were taken.  These "Baseline" dark photos are called "darks" and are averaged together and subtracted from each light image to subtract the noise of the camera.  Then I use a lightbox and take some exposures of evenly illuminated field, I take several of these and average them together.  This "flat" image is multiplied with each exposure to subtract out dust donuts and other uneven illumination from the telescope.  When the dark is subtracted or the flat taken account of in each picture, each pixel in the picture is individually calculated, all 3.2 million pixels for my camera.

Usually the next day, I process the pictures, darks and flats, making a set of "reduced" pictures, ones where the dark and flats have been processed.  Then I take these reduced pictures and combine them into one photo with a sigma combine program, that averages the corresponding pixels in each separate picture, throws out any that are too far away from the average (to get rid of cosmic ray hits, satellite trails and other noise) and creates a final unprocessed photo.  There might be 40 to 200 light exposures of the object, and 20 flats and 20 dark exposures.  It takes quite a while to process these into one photo.  Then I use PhotoShop to adjust and process this photo to bring the details out.

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